According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Silage Inoculants & Enzymes Market is accounted for $422.45 million in 2017 and is expected to reach $655.37 million by 2026 growing at a CAGR of 5.0% from 2017 to 2026. Some of the key factors influencing the market growth are growing livestock population, high demand for animal products and rising consumption of meat. However, unawareness of the benefits of silage is hampering market growth.
Silage inoculants consist of bacteria, which control fermentation process of the silage and supports better crop preservation. Fermentation of silage is a very uncontrollable process which leads to nutritional losses in the silage. A good quality of silage inoculants helps in efficient and faster fermentation. It results in minimum energy loss, low dry matter waste, and improved animal performance. Silage inoculants products are slowly gaining attention of consumers as it is a cost effective solution.Enzymes are commonly used either as an ingredient in silage inoculants or occasionally used alone as a silage additive.
On the basis of Application, Cereal crops are the dominant function and are the most common crops used for silage. Cereals should be harvested for silage before they complete maturity, as quality, especially protein content, is relatively low. By geography, North America is anticipated to grow during forecast period due to rising popularity of the processed corn silage.
Some of the key players in Silage Inoculants & Enzymes Market include Archer Daniels Midland Company, Chr. Hansen A/S, E. I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company, Kemin Industries, Volac International Ltd., Addcon Group GmbH, Agri-King Inc., Biomin Holding GmbH, Lallemand Inc., Schaumann Bioenergy GmbH.
Types Covered:
• Heterofermentative
• Homofermentative
• Starch-Digesting
• Fiber-Digesting
Crop Types Covered:
• Corn
• Sorghum
• Alfalfa
• Clover
• Other Crop Types
Species Covered:
• Lactobacillus Species
• Pediococcus Species
• Enterococcus Species
Applications Covered:
• Cereal crops
• Pulse Crops
• Other Crops
Regions Covered:
• North America
o US
o Canada
o Mexico
• Europe
o Germany
o UK
o Italy
o France
o Spain
o Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific
o Japan
o China
o India
o Australia
o New Zealand
o South Korea
o Rest of Asia Pacific
• South America
o Argentina
o Brazil
o Chile
o Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
o Saudi Arabia
o UAE
o Qatar
o South Africa
o Rest of Middle East & Africa
What our report offers:
- Market share assessments for the regional and country level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Market forecasts for a minimum of 9 years of all the mentioned segments, sub segments and the regional markets
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic analysis: Drivers and Constraints, Product/Technology Analysis, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis etc.
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
Free Customization Offerings:
All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:
• Company Profiling
o Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
o SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
• Regional Segmentation
o Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the clients interest (Note: Depends of feasibility check)
• Competitive Benchmarking
o Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances
1 Executive Summary
2 Preface
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Stake Holders
2.3 Research Scope
2.4 Research Methodology
2.4.1 Data Mining
2.4.2 Data Analysis
2.4.3 Data Validation
2.4.4 Research Approach
2.5 Research Sources
2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
2.5.3 Assumptions
3 Market Trend Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Drivers
3.3 Restraints
3.4 Opportunities
3.5 Threats
3.6 Application Analysis
3.7 Emerging Markets
3.8 Futuristic Market Scenario
4 Porters Five Force Analysis
4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
4.3 Threat of substitutes
4.4 Threat of new entrants
4.5 Competitive rivalry
5 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market, By Type
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Heterofermentative
5.3 Homofermentative
5.4 Starch-Digesting
5.5 Fiber-Digesting
6 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market, By Crop Type
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Corn
6.3 Sorghum
6.4 Alfalfa
6.5 Clover
6.6 Other Crop Types
6.6.1 Oats
6.6.2 Barley
6.6.3 Legumes
6.6.4 Grasses
6.6.5 Rye
7 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market, By Species
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Lactobacillus Species
7.3 Pediococcus Species
7.4 Enterococcus Species
8 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market, By Application
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Cereal crops
8.3 Pulse Crops
8.4 Other Crops
9 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market, By Geography
9.1 Introduction
9.2 North America
9.2.1 US
9.2.2 Canada
9.2.3 Mexico
9.3 Europe
9.3.1 Germany
9.3.2 UK
9.3.3 Italy
9.3.4 France
9.3.5 Spain
9.3.6 Rest of Europe
9.4 Asia Pacific
9.4.1 Japan
9.4.2 China
9.4.3 India
9.4.4 Australia
9.4.5 New Zealand
9.4.6 South Korea
9.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
9.5 South America
9.5.1 Argentina
9.5.2 Brazil
9.5.3 Chile
9.5.4 Rest of South America
9.6 Middle East & Africa
9.6.1 Saudi Arabia
9.6.2 UAE
9.6.3 Qatar
9.6.4 South Africa
9.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
10 Key Developments
10.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
10.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
10.3 New Product Launch
10.4 Expansions
10.5 Other Key Strategies
11 Company Profiling
11.1 Archer Daniels Midland Company
11.2 Chr. Hansen A/S
11.3 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company
11.4 Kemin Industries
11.5 Volac International Ltd.
11.6 Addcon Group GnbH
11.7 Agri-King Inc.
11.8 Biomin Holding GnbH
11.9 Lallemand Inc.
11.10 Schaumann Bioenergy GnbH
List of Tables
Table 1 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Region (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 2 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 3 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 4 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 5 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 6 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 7 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 8 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 9 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 10 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 11 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 12 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 13 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 14 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 15 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 16 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 17 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 18 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 19 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 20 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 21 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 22 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 23 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 24 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 25 Global Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 26 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Country (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 27 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 28 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 29 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 30 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 31 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 32 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 33 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 34 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 35 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 36 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 37 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 38 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 39 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 40 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 41 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 42 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 43 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 44 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 45 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 46 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 47 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 48 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 49 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 50 North America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 51 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Country (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 52 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 53 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 54 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 55 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 56 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 57 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 58 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 59 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 60 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 61 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 62 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 63 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 64 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 65 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 66 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 67 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 68 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 69 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 70 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 71 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 72 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 73 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 74 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 75 Europe Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 76 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Country (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 77 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 78 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 79 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 80 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 81 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 82 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 83 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 84 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 85 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 86 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 87 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 88 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 89 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 90 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 91 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 92 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 93 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 94 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 95 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 96 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 97 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 98 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 99 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 100 Asia Pacific Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 101 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Country (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 102 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 103 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 104 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 105 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 106 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 107 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 108 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 109 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 110 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 111 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 112 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 113 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 114 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 115 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 116 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 117 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 118 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 119 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 120 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 121 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 122 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 123 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 124 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 125 South America Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 126 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Country (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 127 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 128 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Heterofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 129 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Homofermentative (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 130 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Starch-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 131 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Fiber-Digesting (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 132 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Crop Type (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 133 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Corn (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 134 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Sorghum (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 135 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Alfalfa (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 136 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Clover (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 137 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crop Types (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 138 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Oats (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 139 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Barley (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 140 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Legumes (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 141 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Grasses (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 142 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Rye (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 143 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 144 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Lactobacillus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 145 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pediococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 146 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Enterococcus Species (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 147 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Application (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 148 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Cereal crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 149 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Pulse Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Table 150 Middle East & Africa Silage Inoculants & Enzyme Market Outlook, By Other Crops (2016-2026) (US $MN)
Cross-segment Market Size and Analysis for
Mentioned Segments
